China’s Telecom Forward Base: How Military-Civil Fusion Weaponizes Global Networks

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This article analyzes how China’s military-civil fusion doctrine transforms global telecommunications networks into strategic forward bases for the PLA and Ministry of State Security. It describes how intelligence requirements are embedded in civilian networks to enable persistent access and intelligence gathering.

Abstract China’s military-civil fusion (MCF) doctrine has systematically converted global telecommunications networks into a forward-operating base for the People’s Liberation Army and Ministry of State Security. By legally and technically embedding intelligence requirements into civilian carriers, edge devices, and supply chains, Beijing has achieved durable, low-and-slow access, exemplified by campaigns such as Salt Typhoon, that survives patching cycles and provides … Read more The post China’s Telecom Forward Base: How Military-Civil Fusion Weaponizes Global Networks appeared first on Small Wars Journal by Arizona State University.